Ĭosta ML, Freire MR, Kiperstok A (2019) Strategies for thermal comfort in university buildings - the case of the faculty of architecture at the Federal University of Bahia Brazil. Ĭorsini E et al (2013) Comparison of wood smoke PM2.5 obtained from the combustion of FIR and beech pellets on inflammation and DNA damage in A549 and THP-1 human cell lines. Ĭoley DA, Beisteiner A (2016) Carbon dioxide levels and ventilation rates in schools. Air Qual Atmos Health 13(2)Ĭichowicz R, Sabiniak H, Wielgosińsk G (2015) The influence of a ventilation on the level of carbon dioxide in a classroom at a higher university / Wpływ Wentylacji Na Poziom Ditlenku Węgla W Pomieszczeniu Uczelni Wyższej. Accessed Ĭibor M, Bokwa A, Balcerzak B (2020) Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(10):5425. Ĭhillon SA, Millan M, Aramendia I, Fernandez-Gamiz U, Zulueta E, Mendaza-Sagastizabal X (2021) Natural ventilation characterization in a classroom under different scenarios. Ĭhen J, Brager GS, Augenbroe G, Song X (2019) Impact of outdoor air quality on the natural ventilation usage of commercial buildings in the US. Ĭhen Q (2009) Ventilation performance prediction for buildings: a method overview and recent applications. Ĭhatzidiakou L, Mumovic D, Summerfield A (2015) Is CO2 a good proxy for indoor air quality in classrooms? Part 1: the interrelationships between thermal conditions, CO2 levels, ventilation rates and selected indoor pollutants. Ĭanha N, Almeida SM, Freitas MC, Taubel M, Hanninen O (2013) Winter ventilation rates at primary schools: comparison between Portugal and Finland. īughio M, Schuetze T, Mahar WA (2020) Comparative analysis of indoor environmental quality of architectural campus buildings’ lecture halls and its’ perception by building users, in Karachi, Pakistan. īrink HW, Loomans M, Mobach MP, Kort HSM (2021) Classrooms’ indoor environmental conditions affecting the academic achievement of students and teachers in higher education: a systematic literature review. J Occup Environ Hyg 1:139–148īatterman S, Su FC, Wald A, Watkins F, Godwin C, Thun G (2017) Ventilation rates in recently constructed U.S. J Anim Plant Sci 25(649):655īartlett KH, Martinez M, Bert J (2004) Modeling of occupant-generated CO2 dynamics in naturally ventilated classrooms. AstmĪziz K, Ali Z, Nasir Z, Colbeck I (2015) Assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) in university classrooms of varrying occupancy. Standard guide for using indoor carbon dioxide concentrations to evaluate indoor air quality and ventilation. Īsif A, Zeeshan M, Jahanzaib M (2018) Indoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels assessment in academic buildings with different heating, ventilation and airconditioning systems. The results of this study revealed that (1) simultaneously opening doors and exterior windows or opening the doors alone could effectively reduce the indoor CO 2 concentration, but the same effect could not be achieved by opening interior windows only (2) the indoor PM 2.5 concentration was primarily affected by the level of outdoor PM 2.5, and it may exceed the recommended limit by 33% when the outdoor pollution level is high, even with closed doors and windows and (3) in winter, both floor level and classroom orientation exerted a significant influence on the indoor CO 2 concentration, but the height of interior windows had no effect.Īllen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD (2016) Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers a controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. Through simulation, the effects of floor level, room orientation and the height of interior windows on CO 2 concentration were also analysed. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of manual airing strategies, such as opening doors and opening exterior or interior windows, on the concentrations of both carbon dioxide (CO 2) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in classrooms using field measurements. However, until now, the effects of both manual airing strategies and architectural factors on IAQ in classrooms have not been well explored. In China, natural ventilation is a common way of improving indoor air quality (IAQ) in college classrooms.
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